Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors are becoming increasingly popular in a wide range of applications due to their unique advantages. These units offer {highefficiency, excellent mass transfer, and optimized mixing capabilities. A key feature of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors is their {l

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) display remarkable performance in wastewater treatment applications. PVDF membranes, renowned for their durability, are commonly employed in MBR systems. This article presents the efficacy evaluation of PVDF membranes in an MBR system, focusing on key parameters such a